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Marital Rape: Why India's Laws Must Change

India's laws on rape, rooted in antiquated principles, continue to exempt marital rape from criminalisation, leaving millions of married women vulnerable to sexual violence by their spouses.

By Neha Kumari and Kumari Rajnandani
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Marital Rape in India: An Ongoing Legal Battle

Marital rape is not criminalised in India. For years, women's rights activists have tirelessly campaigned on the streets and in the courts to have it recognised as a crime. The absence of criminalisation has left millions of women vulnerable to legal rape within their marriages.

Chitra Awasthi's RIT Foundation is among the petitioners in the case before the Delhi High Court. The petition argues that "without the right to refuse sex, married women are legally reduced to mere sexual and reproductive subjects."

Awasthi shares her journey: "I have been running the RIT Foundation for years. We do a lot of community work amongst women. I have met with numerous victims of  domestic violence. When I heard the cases of one or two women, I understood that the violence that was going on with these women was of a peculiar nature. The husband would come drunk, beat up his wife, abuse her, humiliate her in every way, and then he would force himself on her. When the women used to talk, we realised that this issue (marital rape) was the most painful amongst all the problems they undergo. They would go through the pain yet they don’t feel comfortable talking about it. One day, a girl came to me and I looked at her case. She was in a pathetic condition and then I thought to myself if I don’t do anything about this then what is the point in all this. That case really inspired me to file the petition before the court."

The contention is that rape within marriage in India, even in the twenty-first century, remains legal due to criminal laws dating back to 1860. Exception 2 to Section 37

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