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Elephants in India: Diplomatic Gifts and Domestic Realities

Elephants in India are more than cultural icons; they are often used in diplomatic exchanges. The case of Shankar, a gift from Zimbabwe, reveals the gap between symbolic gestures and the practical challenges of ensuring their well-being in captivity.

By Aashiya Pal and Gargi Sen
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Elephants in India - Shankar

Elephants in India: Diplomatic Gifts and Domestic Realities | Photo of Elephant Shankar | Photo Courtesy: Change.org

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Elephants in India are more than just animals; they are deeply ingrained in the country's heritage and traditions. To many outside India, the country is often associated with images of elephants and snake charmers. Within India, however, elephants are revered not just as majestic creatures but also as symbols of royalty and divinity. This deep-seated reverence, while elevating elephants to a god-like status, also brings about a darker reality. The cultural significance that exalts these gentle giants often subjects them to exploitation and captivity. 

India and other countries often engage in what is termed as "jumbo diplomacy" or "elephant diplomacy," where elephants are gifted as symbols of goodwill and international friendship. However, these diplomatic gestures often overlook the domestic realities and challenges faced by the receiving countries in providing adequate care for these majestic creatures. The story of Shankar is a poignant example, highlighting the gap between the symbolic value of such gifts and the practical difficulties in ensuring their well-being in captivity.

Shankar was brought to the Delhi Zoo as a diplomatic gift from the government of Zimbabwe to the Indian government. An African elephant, Shankar arrived at the National Zoological Park in Delhi in 1998. Over the years, Shankar's living conditions and overall well-being have sparked debates and concerns among animal rights activists and conservationists. African elephants typically require large, open spaces to roam, which can be challenging to provide in a zoo environment. Critics have argued that Shankar's enclosure is inadequate for his needs, leading to great levels of physical and psychological stress.

Shankar's Decline: From Joy to Aggression

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